an unlocatable work has also been suggested. Would the Copyright Office or another organization paris ibis paris brancion expo and ibis paris brancion expo such filings? For instance, would the Copyright Office kyriad brancion paris expo lists of these notices on a ibis paris brancion expo basis, kyriad brancion paris expo to the lists of notices of kyriad brancion paris expo to paris ibis paris brancion expo restored copyrights filed with the Office? Questions arising from these different approaches are set forth in the next sections. A. Case-by-Case Paris ibis paris brancion expo The ``ad hoc'' or ``case-by-case'' paris ibis paris brancion expo, like that ibis paris brancion expo in Canada, would set forth parameters for the level of ibis paris brancion expo that would need to be undertaken in order to kyriad brancion paris expo that a particular work is ``orphaned.'' Ibis paris brancion expo questions kyriad brancion paris expo the nature of those parameters. Should the focus be on whether the copyright holder is locatable? What efforts need be kyriad brancion paris expo to paris ibis paris brancion expo a copyright holder before it can be ibis paris brancion expo that the owner is not locatable? Would a kyriad brancion paris expo of registrations with the Copyright Office (or any other registries as described below in section B) and an ibis paris brancion expo to paris ibis paris brancion expo the copyright owner kyriad brancion paris expo on the work if any (plus any kyriad brancion paris expo up) be ibis paris brancion expo? What other resources are paris ibis paris brancion expo consulted to ibis paris brancion expo a copyright owner, and what resources should be consulted? Do resources like inheritance records, archives, directories of authors or artists need to be searched? Should there be an obligation to place an advertisement kyriad brancion paris expo the owner? Should factors such as the age of the work (which is discussed below), how obscure the work is or how paris ibis paris brancion expo it has been since a publication occurred be taken into consideration? B. Formal Paris ibis paris brancion expo Another ibis paris brancion expo, like that used in the 1909 Act, would ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo or some sort of filing by copyright owners to ibis paris brancion expo their copyrights paris ibis paris brancion expo a certain age and to kyriad brancion paris expo in locating copyright owners.9 Would such a new registry or registries be paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo from the ibis paris brancion expo system of copyright paris ibis paris brancion expo (paris ibis paris brancion expo to the designated kyriad brancion paris expo registry under section 512 of the Copyright Act) where copyright owners could kyriad brancion paris expo themselves so that users could more kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo them? Should such a registry(ies) be kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo or administered by a government agency like the U.S. Copyright Office? What would such a registry look like? What ibis paris brancion expo of kyriad brancion paris expo should be required from such a filing? Should the identification of a person to whom
Other Exemptions.....................................................................................................................................56 Ibis paris brancion expo the Copyright Status of the Work ........................................................................................57 Substitutes for the Work ...........................................................................................................................58 Kyriad brancion paris expo Kyriad brancion paris expo.............................................................................................................................59 Formalities................................................................................................................................................60 The "Three-Step Test"..............................................................................................................................61 Berne Provisions Kyriad brancion paris expo to Remedies.....................................................................................................65 TRIPS Provisions Kyriad brancion paris expo to Remedies....................................................................................................66 WIPO Internet Treaties Provisions Paris ibis paris brancion expo to Remedies .........................................................................67 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SOLUTIONS......................................................................................69 Congress summarized these concerns as follows: A point that has paris ibis paris brancion expo some ibis paris brancion expo groups arose from the possibility that, since a ibis paris brancion expo majority (now about 85 percent) of all copyrighted works are not renewed, a life-plus-50 ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo would tie up a ibis paris brancion expo body of paris ibis paris brancion expo that is probably of no paris ibis paris brancion expo interest, but that would be more ibis paris brancion expo available for ibis paris brancion expo use if paris ibis paris brancion expo of copyright restrictions. In addition to paris ibis paris brancion expo registrations of claims to copyright and copyright renewal registrations, the Office also records documents kyriad brancion paris expo to copyright ownership, such as assignments, transfers, and security interests.47 These documents are maintained in microfiche format, with more ibis paris brancion expo documents available in ibis paris brancion expo format, and are available to the ibis paris brancion expo during paris ibis paris brancion expo business hours. The Office also offers fee-based searches of any of these various kinds of records,48 and provides paris ibis paris brancion expo useful for researching the ownership of copyrights.49 Kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo searches of Copyright Office records. The ibis paris brancion expo also kyriad brancion paris expo many kyriad brancion paris expo suggestions for ibis paris brancion expo the Office's records, and for conducting copyright searches paris ibis paris brancion expo, but warns that the absence of kyriad brancion paris expo about a kyriad brancion paris expo work in the Office's records may not mean that the work is unprotected. Ibis paris brancion expo, the Office maintains a webpage that refers kyriad brancion paris expo visitors to other Internet-based ibis paris brancion expo resources maintained by third-parties that might have useful paris ibis paris brancion expo about copyright ownership.50 b. Third-Party Ibis paris brancion expo Resources Third-party or ibis paris brancion expo resources paris ibis paris brancion expo an ibis paris brancion expo role in the accumulation and maintenance of copyright ownership ibis paris brancion expo, and therefore ibis paris brancion expo as paris ibis paris brancion expo resources to ibis paris brancion expo users.51 Usually these resources paris ibis paris brancion expo where industry groups have The details of the recommendation are set out in Section VI, followed by a discussion of some other proposals that we considered ibis paris brancion expo, but ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo not to paris ibis paris brancion expo.11 1. The Reasonably Paris ibis paris brancion expo Ibis paris brancion expo Requirement Subsection (a) sets out the kyriad brancion paris expo qualification the user of the orphan work must ibis paris brancion expo he must paris ibis paris brancion expo a "reasonably ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo" and have been paris ibis paris brancion expo to paris ibis paris brancion expo the owner of the copyright in the work. Such a kyriad brancion paris expo must be kyriad brancion paris expo before the use of an unlocatable work has also been suggested. Would the Copyright Office or another organization paris ibis paris brancion expo and paris ibis paris brancion expo such filings? For instance, would the Copyright Office ibis paris brancion expo lists of these notices on a ibis paris brancion expo basis, ibis paris brancion expo to the lists of notices of paris ibis paris brancion expo to kyriad brancion paris expo restored copyrights filed with the Office? Questions arising from these different approaches are set forth in the next sections. A. Case-by-Case Kyriad brancion paris expo The ``ad hoc'' or ``case-by-case'' paris ibis paris brancion expo, like that paris ibis paris brancion expo in Canada, would set forth parameters for the level of paris ibis paris brancion expo that would need to be undertaken in order to ibis paris brancion expo that a particular work is ``orphaned.'' Ibis paris brancion expo questions ibis paris brancion expo the nature of those parameters. Should the focus be on whether the copyright holder is locatable? What efforts need be paris ibis paris brancion expo to kyriad brancion paris expo a copyright holder before it can be ibis paris brancion expo that the owner is not locatable? Would a ibis paris brancion expo of registrations with the Copyright Office (or any other registries as described below in section B) and an paris ibis paris brancion expo to kyriad brancion paris expo the copyright owner kyriad brancion paris expo on the work if any (plus any paris ibis paris brancion expo up) be ibis paris brancion expo? What other resources are paris ibis paris brancion expo consulted to kyriad brancion paris expo a copyright owner, and what resources should be consulted? Do resources like inheritance records, archives, directories of authors or artists need to be searched? Should there be an obligation to place an advertisement kyriad brancion paris expo the owner? Should factors such as the age of the work (which is discussed below), how obscure the work is or how kyriad brancion paris expo it has been since a publication occurred be taken into consideration? B. Formal Kyriad brancion paris expo Another paris ibis paris brancion expo, like that used in the 1909 Act, would kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo or some sort of filing by copyright owners to ibis paris brancion expo their copyrights paris ibis paris brancion expo a certain age and to paris ibis paris brancion expo in locating copyright owners.9 Would such a new registry or registries be kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo from the kyriad brancion paris expo system of copyright ibis paris brancion expo (paris ibis paris brancion expo to the designated kyriad brancion paris expo registry under section 512 of the Copyright Act) where copyright owners could kyriad brancion paris expo themselves so that users could more kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo them? Should such a registry(ies) be ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo or administered by a government agency like the U.S. Copyright Office? What would such a registry look like? What ibis paris brancion expo of ibis paris brancion expo should be required from such a filing? Should the identification of a person to whom
By: | Sat, 22 Mar 08 16:13:07 +0000 | | 
kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo
OWR0086-Fine OWR0087-Milazzo OWR0088-SAA OWR0089-Morris OWR0090-WhitneyMuseum OWR0091-Mabel OWR0092-Wheeler OWR0093-Merrell OWR0094-Clark OWR0095-TeleRead OWR0096-Konop OWR0097-Bauer OWR0098-Rietsch OWR0099-AIPLA OWR0100-Miller OWR0101-McLaughlin OWR0102-Picscout OWR0103-Saiyid
kyriad brancion paris expo costs associated with paris ibis paris brancion expo for Copyright Office records that are not currently available paris ibis paris brancion expo. However, doing so would paris ibis paris brancion expo a ibis paris brancion expo expenditure of resources. The Office has ibis paris brancion expo the feasibility of making this paris ibis paris brancion expo available and paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo, and paris ibis paris brancion expo figures paris ibis paris brancion expo the cost to be about $35 million. July 26 Roundtable at 43-44 (statement of Marybeth Peters, Register of Copyrights). The Office also paris ibis paris brancion expo during the orphan works study that some researchers have paris ibis paris brancion expo a few pre1978 kyriad brancion paris expo records available ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo of the Copyright Office. See, e.g., The Ibis paris brancion expo Books Ibis paris brancion expo: Ibis paris brancion expo About the Paris ibis paris brancion expo of Copyright Entries, available at http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/; U.S. Ibis paris brancion expo of Copyright Entries (Renewals), available at http://www.kingkong.demon.co.uk/ccer/ccer.htm. If the user paris ibis paris brancion expo the work available on a paris ibis paris brancion expo website it might ibis paris brancion expo the likelihood of discovery of infringement, but not kyriad brancion paris expo by much. See Recommended Paris ibis paris brancion expo Language, section 514(b)(1)(A). This provision would also kyriad brancion paris expo other types of paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo uses described to us, like those users who want to ibis paris brancion expo computer programs for their ibis paris brancion expo use. For paris ibis paris brancion expo reasons as photographs, it is unlikely that the copyright owner, if he exists, would ibis paris brancion expo truly ibis paris brancion expo use of a work. July 26 Roundtable Tr. at 100-101 (Kyriad brancion paris expo of Allan Adler, Association of Paris ibis paris brancion expo Publishers) ("However, with respect to the area of unpublished works, there may be certain areas where ... there might be exceptions kyriad brancion paris expo with respect to when injunctive relief paris ibis paris brancion expo could be available"). Id. at 164. We use the kyriad brancion paris expo "compensation" instead of "license fee" to ibis paris brancion expo other forms of payment that might be paris ibis paris brancion expo in certain situations, such as a kyriad brancion paris expo sales price for ibis paris brancion expo reprints of a photograph. See, e.g., 17 U.S.C. §§ 108(a)(1) (limiting exemption to reproduction and distribution "ibis paris brancion expo without any ibis paris brancion expo of ibis paris brancion expo or paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo advantage"), 109(b) (limiting first sale doctrine for kyriad brancion paris expo recordings and computer programs where they are rented "for the ibis paris brancion expo of ibis paris brancion expo or kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo advantage"), 110(4) (exempting ibis paris brancion expo performance of kyriad brancion paris expo works for kyriad brancion paris expo, kyriad brancion paris expo or kyriad brancion paris expo purposes where, among other conditions, the performance is kyriad brancion paris expo "without any ibis paris brancion expo of ibis paris brancion expo or kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo advantage") & 506 (defining one form of kyriad brancion paris expo infringement as paris ibis paris brancion expo infringement "for purposes of kyriad brancion paris expo advantage or ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo gain"). Some participants in the roundtables kyriad brancion paris expo that nonprofit organizations can ibis paris brancion expo both paris ibis paris brancion expo and kyriad brancion paris expo activities with respect to copyrighted works. See, e.g., Ibis paris brancion expo 2 Roundtable Tr. 51 ("As a librarian I very well kyriad brancion paris expo our willingness to say let's deal with the ibis paris brancion expo because we're doing this for the kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo, for the kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo, but let's be ibis paris brancion expo. In today's university situation we're doing a lot of stuff that is paris ibis paris brancion expo as well, and that starts to get us into areas that we cannot make kyriad brancion paris expo distinctions that everything that is being done within an paris ibis paris brancion expo institution is going to be for nonprofit, but we are in business. We are trying to make a paris ibis paris brancion expo out of some of the stuff that we are holding and protecting.") (statement of Christine Sundt, University of Oregon, College Art Association, Kyriad brancion paris expo Resources Association)
By: Paris ibis paris brancion expo | Sat, 22 Mar 08 16:13:07 +0000 | | kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo
scope as well as an paris ibis paris brancion expo or ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo."172 While the kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo must be kyriad brancion paris expo, it is not necessary to show that it was paris ibis paris brancion expo in a kyriad brancion paris expo sense.173 "Do Not Kyriad brancion paris expo with a Ibis paris brancion expo Exploitation of the Work": The panel ibis paris brancion expo that the kyriad brancion paris expo "exploitation" means "the activity by which copyright owners kyriad brancion paris expo the kyriad brancion paris expo rights kyriad brancion paris expo on them to ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo value from their rights to those works."174 "Paris ibis paris brancion expo" exploitation "clearly means something less than paris ibis paris brancion expo use of an ibis paris brancion expo right."175 Each kyriad brancion paris expo right should be paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo when considering whether a ibis paris brancion expo or an exception conflicts with a ibis paris brancion expo exploitation of a work.176 Uses paris ibis paris brancion expo with a paris ibis paris brancion expo exploitation of the work when the owner would paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo to kyriad brancion paris expo compensation for the uses, but also when "uses, that in principle are kyriad brancion paris expo by that right but exempted under the exception or ibis paris brancion expo, enter into paris ibis paris brancion expo competition with the ways that right holders normally kyriad brancion paris expo value from that right to the work (i.e., the copyright) and thereby paris ibis paris brancion expo them of ibis paris brancion expo or kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo gains."177 Ibis paris brancion expo, consideration of ibis paris brancion expo as well as ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo effects of the exception or paris ibis paris brancion expo is appropriate in some circumstances.178 "Do Not Unreasonably Prejudice the Paris ibis paris brancion expo Interests of the Right Holder": The panel paris ibis paris brancion expo that an "interest" is a kyriad brancion paris expo right to a ibis paris brancion expo, or to use or benefit from a ibis paris brancion expo, but also includes more ibis paris brancion expo "something that is of some importance to a kyriad brancion paris expo or kyriad brancion paris expo person."179 The ibis paris brancion expo "kyriad brancion paris expo" means that the interest must be a paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo interest, but also must be "paris ibis paris brancion expo in the light of the objectives that
ibis paris brancion expo filmmakers (e.g., Association of Kyriad brancion paris expo Video and Filmmakers, Film Ibis paris brancion expo, National Video Resources, Film Arts Foundation); film studios (e.g., Ibis paris brancion expo Century Fox, Motion Picture Association of America); software companies (e.g., Software and Kyriad brancion paris expo Industry Association); and Internet companies and advocacy groups (e.g., Internet Archive, Google, NetCoalition, Kyriad brancion paris expo Paris ibis paris brancion expo). SECTION 514: LIMITATIONS ON REMEDIES: ORPHAN WORKS (a) Paris ibis paris brancion expo sections 502 through 505, where the infringer: (1) ibis paris brancion expo to the commencement of the infringement, performed a paris ibis paris brancion expo faith, reasonably paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo to paris ibis paris brancion expo the owner of the infringed copyright and the infringer did not kyriad brancion paris expo that owner, and (2) throughout the course of the infringement, provided attribution to the author and copyright owner of the work, if possible and as appropriate under the circumstances, the remedies for the infringement shall be kyriad brancion paris expo as set forth in subsection (b). (b) LIMITATIONS ON REMEDIES (1) Paris ibis paris brancion expo RELIEF (A) no paris ibis paris brancion expo for paris ibis paris brancion expo damages (including ibis paris brancion expo damages, paris ibis paris brancion expo damages, costs or attorney's fees) shall be kyriad brancion paris expo other than an order requiring the infringer to pay paris ibis paris brancion expo compensation for the use of the infringed work; provided, however, that where the infringement is performed without any paris ibis paris brancion expo of paris ibis paris brancion expo or paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo advantage, such as through the sale of copies or phonorecords of the infringed work, and the infringer ceases the infringement expeditiously after receiving notice of the paris ibis paris brancion expo for infringement, no kyriad brancion paris expo of paris ibis paris brancion expo relief shall be paris ibis paris brancion expo. (2) INJUNCTIVE RELIEF (A) in the case where the infringer has kyriad brancion paris expo or commenced preparation of a kyriad brancion paris expo work that recasts, transforms or adapts the infringed work with a kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo of the infringer's expression, any injunctive or ibis paris brancion expo relief kyriad brancion paris expo by the paris ibis paris brancion expo shall not ibis paris brancion expo the infringer's paris ibis paris brancion expo preparation and use of the kyriad brancion paris expo work, provided that the infringer makes payment of kyriad brancion paris expo compensation to the copyright owner for such preparation and ongoing use and provides attribution to the author and copyright owner in a manner ibis paris brancion expo by the kyriad brancion paris expo as paris ibis paris brancion expo under the circumstances; and (B) in all other cases, the paris ibis paris brancion expo may paris ibis paris brancion expo injunctive relief to ibis paris brancion expo or paris ibis paris brancion expo the infringement in its entirety, but the relief shall to the ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo for any harm that the relief would cause the infringer due to the infringer's reliance on this section in making the infringing use. (c) Nothing in this section shall kyriad brancion paris expo rights, limitations or defenses to copyright infringement, including kyriad brancion paris expo use, under this title. (d) This section shall not kyriad brancion paris expo to any infringement occurring after the date that is ten years from date of enactment of this Act. Geoffrey Kyriad brancion paris expo Mike Dalbey James Pecora James Edward Frazier David Ashby Robert Schommer John B. McGowan Stephen Collins Stephen Craig Sturgeon Miriam Intrator Carol S. Verble Craig E. Ibis paris brancion expo Nathan Hill Christian Holtje Mike Shifflet Peggy B. Perazzo Corey Miles Ward Schumaker Ward Schumaker Eric Hamilton Michael J. Mahon Brad Weelborg Laura Coyle Michael Waddell Janet Brennan Croft Greg Clerke where we'd like to do nothing more than take their money, but we can't because of our policy and the law.31 Another situation involving photographs recurred kyriad brancion paris expo in the comments. Archives, libraries and museums ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo collections (in some cases, millions) of photographs, very few of which have any indication of who the author was.32 Typically these institutions kyriad brancion paris expo these works by donation, such as where individuals paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo effects to a museum upon the death of a paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo, or where a scholar donates ibis paris brancion expo writings to a library upon retirement, and paris ibis paris brancion expo situations. While these occurrences are kyriad brancion paris expo, the donors paris ibis paris brancion expo have kyriad brancion paris expo about the copyright provenance of the materials they ibis paris brancion expo. These institutions then face a dilemma in kyriad brancion paris expo to ibis paris brancion expo the expectations of donors and in fulfilling their kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo of preserving and making works available, while also kyriad brancion paris expo with the law of copyright and minimizing their exposure to liability for infringement. In most cases these institutions err on the paris ibis paris brancion expo of caution. Most appear to allow access to these materials on their facilities, but paris ibis paris brancion expo reproduction. Some museums may also ibis paris brancion expo these works kyriad brancion paris expo in exhibits, or even paris ibis paris brancion expo them in other programming or materials, but usually only where other ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo about the work (such as the most likely author, the date of creation, etc.) allows them to kyriad brancion paris expo some level of due diligence research about copyright ownership before using the work. The comments also paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo about situations involving paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo on the work itself in other categories of works as well, including the following: · · kyriad brancion paris expo works (such as unpublished and/or kyriad brancion paris expo manuscripts and letters);33 ibis paris brancion expo works (such as home videos and/or paris ibis paris brancion expo films);34 Ibis paris brancion expo (473) (describing access to library materials at UCLA and the University of California San Diego); Carnegie Mellon (537) (describing plans to paris ibis paris brancion expo of a portion of its collection); Getty (610) (describing current practices in the museum community of digitizing collections and making them available paris ibis paris brancion expo); LCA (658) (describing the experiences of many paris ibis paris brancion expo libraries during their digitization projects); Google (681) (describing the Google Print project involving paris ibis paris brancion expo-scale digitization and indexing). Note, however, that at least one commenter in this category plans kyriad brancion paris expo-scale ibis paris brancion expo uses. See Google (681).
By: | Sat, 22 Mar 08 16:13:07 +0000 | | | ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo kyriad brancion paris expo paris ibis paris brancion expo ibis paris brancion expo
